---

Delphi was the principle procedure used to conduct this study. In its most basic form, the Delphi consists of at least three different instruments which in the present study will be referred to as round one, round two and round three. Brooks (1972) stated that the number of rounds could either be predetermined by the researcher or continued until group consensus is reached. The primary purpose of this study was to identify strategies regarding commercialization of academicals research findings in dealing with agricultural food Industry. Seventy-Four faculty members of Agricultural Food Industry Departments employed at public universities were identified to serve as a panel of experts for this study.  However, 25 faculty members responded to our e-mailed questionnaires. From the review of literature, an open-ended questionnaire consisting of one question was developed for round one. This question was validated for content regarding its appropriateness to the objective of the study by a panel of faculty members in the Departments of Agricultural Extension and Education and Food Industry at Tarbiat Modares University. Seventeen strategies regarding commercialization of academic research findings in Agricultural Food Industry were collected from the panel of experts as the result of round one. Consensus was achieved for 15 of these statements in round three. The data in Table 3 shows the level of agreement of panel of experts in commercialization of academic research findings that more than (80%) of them reached consensus.  

---

This study investigates the factors affecting the commercialization of products in medical biotechnology accelerators, it also demonstrates the priority of these factors. The research is applied and descriptive survey. It has been done in two phases, qualitative and quantitative. Based on the general purpose of this study, to provide a framework for the commercialization of products in medical biotechnology accelerators, we interviewed with informed experts. 62 sub-codes were obtained as effective factors in the commercialization of products in medical biotechnology accelerators, which were classified into 5 main dimensions including individual, organizational, industry and competition, institutional and product. These dimensions are presented as a framework. In the quantitative phase, the main dimensions as well as the sub-themes were ranked in the main dimension. Finally, the priority of the main dimensions was as follows: 1. Individual (personality, behavioral and mental characteristics of the mentor and manager) 2. Industry and competition (interaction with pharmaceutical companies as customers, investors, etc.) 3. Organizational (experience of startup teams, codified strategy, R&D, etc.) 4. Product (value added and high-tech) 5. Institutional (government is pragmatic to the country's slogans, interaction with government managers, etc.).

---

Trichoderma is a genus of asexually reproducing fungi that is present in all types of soils. Trichoderma species have been recognized as antagonists of soil-borne and foliage pathogens and as efficient decomposers of cellulosic waste materials. Moreover, they have the ability to increase plant growth and induce plant resistance. Along with mycoparasitism, antibiotics and competition, induced resistance is one of the most important mechanisms of Trichoderma action against fungal plant pathogens. Strategies to enhance biocontrol ability of Trichoderma include use of composts, UV irradiation and gene expression studies as applied to genetic engineering. Of over 50 research projects on Trichoderma in the Philippines as reported in this review, only less than 10% have been published at full length in scientific journals. Trichoderma have been often used in the control of rice and solanaceous crops and vegetables. Most projects have been conducted both in vitro and in vivo including the laboratory and greenhouse but rarely in the field. Most strains reported were not identified up to the species level especially by molecular techniques, an essential requirement for product commercialization. Of the several strains of Trichoderma that have been isolated and screened for biocontrol of plant diseases in the Philippines, only one strain has reached product commercialization. This, however, has led to a promising technology to improve management of vegetable diseases and increase farmers’ income. The continuity in sustaining these programs is vital in maintaining sustainability and productivity of agricultural crops with Trichoderma.

---

The meat products industry in the country has a history of more than 90 years. There are currently about 170 meat processing factories in Iran with a nominal capacity of more than 1.5 million tons per year, which is currently less than one third of this amount due to the economic and health conditions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The industry has faced many challenges over the years, including competition with other food processors and negative publicity about the unhealthiness of these products. On the other hand, technological advances in the food industry have made it difficult to stay in the market. Therefore, in order to survive the meat products industry in the market, it needs to change existing products or make new products by using management and knowledge transfer, as well as supporting applied research for correct information. In order to stay and succeed in the market, one must pay attention to the tastes and expectations of consumers and the factors influencing the development of a new product, especially the commercialization index, i.e. the technologyy readiness level. Knowledge management and knowledge transfer are among the approaches that need to be considered by the meat products industry and knowledge bases (organizations / research centers and universities). This article looks at the current situation of the meat products industry in the country and the existing challenges by introducing the process of developing new products and the need to use management and knowledge transfer in the industry for the success of these products in the market. Therefore, the nature of this article is qualitative and of an applied type, which has been written in the manner of documentary studies, reviewing sources and analyzing the existing conditions, and according to the authorchr('39')s experiences of about three decades in the meat products industry.

---

Reviews have revealed that commercialization of science and technology in humanities has not had proper growth despite close relationship between economic development and development of financial sector. Therefore; lack of literature on commercialization in services point this study toward identifying commercialization processes of financial services. Research methodology in this study was qualitative and by using Triangulation. To identify basic concepts and commercialization phases, library research and semi-structured interviews with academic experts and industry specialists were used. Moreover, semi-structured questionnaires with an open-ended item were employed to sort the phases and extract the commercialization model. To analyze data at the first and the second phases; a combination of structural analysis and interpretation as well as the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) were applied, respectively. Findings at the first phase included twelve steps: business strategies formulation, service ideas generation, screening, business analysis,  project authorization, multi-tasking team formation, design of services and processes, design of service delivery system,  sales and customer network training and empowering, pilot launch, full-scale launch, and service performance evaluation and improvement. The second phase also contained the prescription of the commercialization process model of innovative financial services in financial markets.

---

Due to the necessity of commercialization of inventions created in universities and research institutions and at the same time providing necessary incentive for inventors, determining the ownership of theses inventions has attracted the attention of policy makers of intellectual property law.  Theoretically, there are four main ownership structures: 1) University ownership model, 2) Inventor ownership model 3) Joint ownership of inventor and university model 4) No ownership and entrance to public domain. In this paper, at first, we will briefly introduce these models and their application in practice. Then in order to provide a model consistent with the criteria of distributive justice, we explain three main criteria of justice. Then we investigate consistency of each model with three justice criteria. Finally due to the importance of determining the best person to commercialize the inventions, we propose a hybrid model of ownership titled "Initial ownership of university with ownership option of inventors ".

---

Today, paying attention to innovation in achieving economic growth and development is of great importance for researchers and policymakers. Thus, this study investigates the efficiency of the national innovation system of Iran in comparison with the countries subject to the 2046 Vision of Iran as well as China and South Korea (as two successful countries in technology catching-up policies). The study uses a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) over the period 2011-2016. Moreover, a Tobit model is employed to study the impact of environmental factors on the efficiency of the national innovation system. Findings indicate that Iran's national innovation system is inefficient. Although the efficiency trend in the stage of creating inventions and originalities shows a positive slope, when it enters the commercialization stage, the system operates very weekly. To increase the efficiency of the national innovation system, improving the governance indicators and university-industry collaboration are among the most effective policies proposed in this research.

---

With regard to the transformation of the pharmaceutical industry in coordination with biotechnological achievements and the importance of biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of rare diseases in societies, the study on the commercialization process has an important role in quick delivery of drugs to the market. The aim of this study is to draw a plan for technology commercialization focusing on pharmaceutical industry and biological products. The statistical population includes all scientific documents in the above field that were indexed in the "Scopus" database until 2019. This study is conducted using Scientometrics approach, vocabulary synchronization and content analysis of documents. In the process, research questionnaire was designed based on related strings- commercialization models, pharmaceutical industry – and was taken from valid databases. The results of this study show that in these two fields, various researches have been conducted independently, but little attention has been paid to the issue of international technology commercialization in pharmaceutical industry.