Comparative Law Researches

Comparative Law Researches

The Conditions of General Average Realization in the York Antwerp rules 2004, with a ‎Comparative Study in England and Iran Law

Authors
Omolbanin Ramazanadeh 1
Mohammad Issaei Tafreshi 2
Morteza Shahbazinia 3
1 Ph.D. student, Department of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Passenger, ship and the freight are at risk during the maritime adventure, and some damages may ‎occur for each of them. If the averages shall be deemed just in the ship's account or in the special ‎cargo's account or another property on the ship board, which damaged or caused damage, this ‎would be Special Average, and if there is a contribution between others, it would be General ‎Average.‎
According to rule A of the York Antwerp rules 2004, which was adopted with a little ‎difference from section 66 of the English Marine insurance Law, there is a general average ‎act when, and only when, any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and ‎reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril ‎the property involved in a common maritime adventure. The conditions of general average ‎realization sometimes lead to different ideas, and after that, different cases are brought up. ‎Examination of these cases although dissects the conditions provided in rule A, it explains ‎other conditions, which are not mirrored by rule A. The definition of general average in section ‎‎185 of the Iran marine Law (1964) is not accommodating with the definition in rule A. In ‎section 185, there are no hints to the words sacrifice, reasonable and common maritime ‎adventure. However, each of these words’ and phrases has special meaning and importance in ‎General Average field. All of these reasons require a revision in this rule.
Keywords
General Average
Special Average
The York Antwerp rules 2004
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