بررسی تطبیقی تصمیمات التزامی مراجع رقابتی

نویسنده
استادیار دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
چکیده تصمیمات التزامی در سال‌های اخیر به‌عنوان تمهیدی نوین و کارامد به مساعدت مراجع رقابتی آمده تا با سهولت، سرعت و قاطعیت مناسبی به‌ مواجهه با دغدغه‌های رقابتی بپردازند. متأسفانه حقوق رقابت ایران از این ضمانت‌اجرا غفلت کرده و از این رو مقاله حاضر می‌کوشد تا پس از تبیین مفهوم و مزیت‌های کارکردی این‌دست تصمیمات، از رهگذار مطالعه تطبیقی در نظام رقابتی اتحادیه اروپا، آمریکا و پاره‌ای دیگر از کشورها که در استخدام این وسیله موفق عمل کرده‌اند، مناسب‌ترین راهکارها و رهیافت‌ها را درخصوص فرایند و تشریفات اتخاذ تصمیم التزامی و محتویات آن، طرق بازنگری و اعتراض به تصمیم و ضمانت‌اجراهای نادیده گرفتن تعهدات ارائه کند، به ‌نحوی که متناسب با بستر خاص رقابتی کشورمان، به نتایج مطلوبی منتهی گردد. * نویسنده مسؤول مقاله: Email:rahbarionlaw@gmail.com
کلیدواژه‌ها

 
9. منابع
[1] Saferstein, Harvey, State Antitrust Practice and Statutes, American Bar Association, USA, 2009.
[2] Chalmers, Damian, European :union: Law: Text and Materials, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2006.
[3] Talus, Kim, Vertical Natural Gas Transportation Capacity, Upstream Commodity Contracts and EU Competition Law, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands, 2011.
[4] Giannakopoulos, Themistoklis, Safeguarding Companies' Rights in Competition and Anti-dumping/anti-subsidies Proceedings, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands, 2011.
[5] Competition Directorate–General of the European Commission,"To commit or not to Commit? Deciding between Prohibition and Commitments", Competition Policy Brief, Issue 3, March 2014.
[6] Frese, M, Sanctions in EU Competition Law: Principles and Practice, Dissertation, University of Amsterdam, Netherland, 2012.
[7] Lefebvre-Dutilleul, Virginie, Codes de Bonne Conduite Chartes Ethiques: Outils de Gestion des Risqué, Editions Lamy, France, 2012.
[8] Fox, Eleanor & Trebilcock, Michael, The Design of Competition Law Institutions, Oxford University Press, UK, 2013.
[9] Epstein, Richard, Antitrust Consent Decrees in Theory and Practice, AEI Press, USA, 2007.
[10] Schweitzer, Heike, "Commitment Decisions in the EU and in the Member States: Functions and Risks of a New Instrument of Competition Law Enforcement within a Federal Enforcement Regime", 2012; (1-22); Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2101630
[11] Whish, Richard, Competition Law, Oxford University Press, UK, 2012.
[12] Pace, Lorenzo, European Competition Law: The Impact of the Commission's Guidance on Article 102, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK, 2011.
[13] Colino, Sandra, Competition Law of the EU and UK, Oxford University Press, UK, 2011.
[14] O’Donoghue, Robert & Padilla, Jorge, The Law and Economics of Article 82 EC, Hart Publishing, USA, 2006.
[15] Kokkoris, Ioannis & Lianos, Ioannis, The Reform of EC Competition Law: New Challenges, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands, 2010.
[16] Hawk, Barry, International Antitrust Law & Policy 2013, Juris Publishing Inc., USA, 2014.
[17] San pedro, Luis et al, Private Enforcement of Competition Law, Lex Nova, Spain, 2011.
[18] Mariniello, Mario, "Commitments Or Prohibition? The EU Antitrust Dilemma", Bruegle Policy Brief, Issue 1, 2014.
[19] Ashton, David & Henry, David, Competition Damages Actions in the EU: Law and Practice, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK, 2013.
[20] Marty, Frédéric, "Règles de concurrence, Clauses d'exclusivité et Sécurité Juridique: Le cas de l'iPhone", Revue Economique et Sociale, volume 68, No 2, 2010.
[21] Hawk, Barry E, International Antitrust Law & Policy 2008, Juris Publishing, Inc, USA, 2009.
[22] Demaret, Paul et al, Dynamiques Juridiques Européennes, Peter Lang, Allemagne, 2007.
[23] Lianos, Ioannis & Geradin, Damien, Handbook on European Competition Law: Enforcement and Procedure, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK, 2013.
[24] Choné, Philippe et al, "On the Optimal Use of Commitment Decisions under European Competition Law", 2013, (1-45); Available at: http://www.crest.fr/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Pageperso/Chone/Commitments%20in%20Antitrust_IRLE_ReSub2_Version2.pdf.
[25] Mobley, Samantha & Denton, Ross, Global Cartels Handbook: Leniency: Policy and Procedure, Oxford University Press, UK, 2011.
[26] Mäntysaari, Petri, The Law of Corporate Finance: General Principles and EU Law, V. 2, Springer Science & Business Media, Germany, 2009.
[27] Global Legal Group, The International Comparative Legal Guide to: Enforcement of Competition Law 2009, GLG Publication, UK, 2009.
[28] Castendyk, Oliver et al, European Media Law, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands, 2008.
[29] Lecchi, Emanuela et al, "Committing Others: The Commitment Procedure and its Effect on Third Parties", 2011, (1-5). Available at: http://wfw.com/website/wfwwebsite.nsf/Publications/Publication1018/$File/GCLR-CommittingOthers-Feb2012.pdf.
[30] Brooder, Douglas, U.S. Antitrust Law and Enforcement, Oxford University Press, USA, 2010.
[31] Eeckhout, Piet & Tridimas, Takis, Yearbook of European Law 2010, Volume 29, Oxford University Press, UK, 2011.
[32] Monnet, Jean, La Libéralisation des services d'intérêt Economique Général en Réseau en Europe, Groupe de Boeck, Belgique, 2010.
[33] European Commission, "Antitrust: Commitment Decisions", 2013. Available at: http:// europa.eu/ rapid/press- release_MEMO- 13- 189_en. htm? locale= en
[34] Maggiolino, Mariateresa, Intellectual Property and Antitrust, Edward Elgar Publishing, USA, 2011.
[35] Subiotto, Romano & Snelder, Robbert, Antitrust Developments in Europe 2007, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands, 2008.
[36] Donders, Karen et al, The Palgrave Handbook of European Media Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, UK, 2014.
[37] Geradin, Damien et al, EU Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, UK, 2012.
[38] Drexl, Josef, Technologie et Concurrence, Larcier, Belgique, 2009.
[39] Anderson, Lloyd, "Mocking the Public Interest: Congress Restores Meaningful Judicial Review of Government Antitrust Consent Decree", Vermont Law Review, Vol. 3, 2007.
[40] First, Harry et al, "Procedural and Institutional Norms in Antitrust Enforcement: The U.S. System", New York University Law and Economics, Working Papers. Paper 303, 2012.
[41] Megan Jones, "DOJ to Review ASCAP and BMI Consent Decrees", 2014,(16);Availableat:http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/antitrust_law/at328100_ebulletin_201406.pdf
[42] American Bar Association, Antitrust Law Developments, V.1, American Bar Association, USA, 2007.
[43] Venayre, Florent, "La Détermination des Sanctions dans les Ententes sur Appels d’offres en L’absence de Contestation des Griefs", Revue Lamy de la Concurrence, Vol. 28, 2011.
[44] Wagner-Von Papp, Florian, "Best and Even Better Practices in Commitment Procedures after Alrosa: The Dangers of Abandoning the Struggle for Competition Law", Common Market Law, V. 49, N. 4, 2012.
[45] Jacopin, Sylvian, Le Renouveau de la Sanction Pénale: Evolution ou Révolution?, Groupe de Boeck, Belgique, 2010.
[46] Rubini, Luca, Microsoft on Trial, Edward Elgar Publishing, USA, 2010.