Comparative Law Researches

Comparative Law Researches

The Study of the Mission of the Security Council to Apply the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine

Authors
Farzaneh Seifzadeh 1
Seyed Ghasem Zamani 2
Hasan Savari 3
Masoud Raie Dahaghi 2
1 Ph.D. student, international law, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Associate professor ,international law, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of International Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Najafabad, Iran
Abstract
Determining organ which is obliged to the implementation of the responsibility to protect for people who are exposed to serious human rights violations , is essential important . But , determining international institution binding to the intervention is important for that institution , too . Because this institution may face to increase with costs and military crises . At the same time , might work success in putting down situation against human rights , find a better place than before in the international system . The international intervention by this institution can increase the credibility of the United Nations and the responsibility to protect doctrine . On the contrary , the arbitrary intervention by any international institution , or a state can damage to the validity of the international law and the world order . So , the Security Council as a source of authority must work better than before.
Keywords
Responsibility to Protect
The Authorization of the Security Council
The Study of International Document
The Humanitarian Intervention
The International Peace and Security

  1. 13.منابع


    13-1. فارسی


    کتابها



    1. 1.  آقایی، سید داوود،  نقش و جایگاه شورای امنیت سازمان ملل متحد در نظم نوین جهانی،انتشارات پیک فرهنگ، تهران، 1375.

    2. 2.  برانلی، یان،  حقوق بین‌الملل در واپسین سال‌‌های قرن بیستم، ترجمه صالح رضایی پیش رباط، انتشارات دفتر مطالعات سیاسی و بین‌المللی، تهران، 1383.

    3. 3.  کرمی، جهانگیر،  شورای امنیت سازمان ملل متحد و مداخله بشردوستانه، مؤسسه چاپ و انتشارات وزارت امور خارجه، تهران، 1375.


    مقاله‌‌‌‌ها



    1. 4.  زمانی،سید قاسم؛ نوری، وحید، «بحران غزه در ترازوی دکترین مسؤولیت حمایت»، فصلنامه روابط خارجی، سال چهارم،شماره سوم، پاییز1391.

    2. 5.  سواری،حسن و مهدی حسینی بلوچی، «نظریه«مسؤولیتحمایت» از حرفتاعمل»، فصلنامه پژوهش حقوق و سیاست سال سیزدهم، شماره32 ، بهار 1390.

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    4. 7.  مدنی، محمد تقی،  «شورای امنیت و نقض صلح»، نشریه نسیم البرز، ش. 50، 1388.

    5. 8.  ممتاز، جمشید، محدودیت در استفاده از حق وتو، بر گرفته از سایت


    http:// www.iauns.org/ internal_news/ detailpage/Fa/5-1-1-1-7-0/



    1. 9.  موثق، هومن، «گذر از مداخله بشردوستانه به مسؤولیت حمایت»، مجله مهرنامه، شماره11، 1390.


     


    13-2. انگلیسی


     


    BOOKS


     



    1.  Becker T.,Terrorism and the State:Rethinking the Rules of State Responsibility,Hart Publishing, 2006.

    2.  Daalder,Ivo H.,The United states,Europe,and Balkans,The Brookings Institution, December 2000.

    3.  Franck,Thomas M.,Recourse to Force:State Action Against Threats and Armed Attacks,Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002.

    4.  Holzgrefe J.L., The Humanitarian Intervention Debate,in R. Keohane and J. Holzgrefe (eds.), Humanitarian Intervention,Cambridge University Press, 2003.

    5.  Hurd,Ian and Cronin,Bruce,UN Security Council and politics of International Authority, New York, Routledge publications, 2008.

    6.  Kelsen,Hans,The Law of the United Nations, New York, parager Ins, 1951.

    7.  Pattison, James, Humanitarian intervention and the responsibility to protect: who should intervene?, Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2010.

    8.  Steinberg,Donald, Responsibility to Protect in the Real World:From Rwanda to Darfur to Kenya, Deputy President, International Crisis Group at the Cardozo Law School,Yeshiva University, New York, 10 March 2008.

    9.  Thakur, Ramesh,The Responsibility to Protect:Norms, Laws and the Use of Force in International Politics, London: Routledge, 2011.


     


    ARTICLES



    1.  Amerasinghe, Chittharanjan F., The Conundrum of Recourse to Force—To Protect Persons, INT’L ORGS. L. REV. ,Vol.3, 2006.

    2.  Annan, K, Two concepts of Sovereignty, The Economist, available at http://www.un.org/News/ossg/sg/stories/kaecon.html  (18September1999).

    3.  Arrocha, Pablo, The Never–Ending Dilemma: Is the Unilateral Use of Force By States Legal in the Context of Humanitarian Intervention?, Anuario Mexicano de Derecho International, vol.XI, available at www.juridicas.unam.mx (2011).

    4.  Bellamy,A.J., Responsibility to Protect–The Global Effort to End Mass Atrocities, UK: Polity, 2009.

    5.  Evans et al, Gareth ,The Responsibility to Protect,Report of International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, December 2001.

    6.  Evans, Gareth , From Humanitarian Intervention to the Responsibility to Protect,WIS. INT’L L.J., Vol.24, 2006.

    7.  Evans,Gareth , Disquiet over Libyan“Win” Syria’s Loss “,The Australian (Sydney), 31January2012.

    8.  Franck, Thomas M.,When, if Ever,May States Deploy Military Force Without Prior Security Council Authorization?, WASH. U. J.L. & POL’Y,Vol.5, 2005.

    9.  Gwertzman, Bernard, Will Syria Follow Libya?, Council on Foreign Relations(online), available at http://www.cfr.org/syria/syria-follow-libya/p25745 (2011).

    10.  Hamilton,Rebecca J.,The Responsibility to Protect:From Document to Doctrine—But What of Implementation?,Harvard Human Rights Journal,Vol.19,2006.

    11.  Henkin, Louis, Editorial Comments: NATO’s Kosovo Intervention:Kozovo and the Law of ‘Humanitarian Intervention, AJIL. ,Vol. 93, . 1993

    12.  Kahler, Miles, Legitimacy ,Humanitarian Intervention ,and International Institutions, Politics, Philosophy and Economics,Vol.10, No.1, 2011.

    13.  Kantareva,S.D., The Responsibility to Protect: Issues of Legal Formulation and Practical Application,Tufts Digital Library, 2010.

    14.  Mohamed, Saira, Taking Stock of the Responsibility to Protect, Stanford Journal of International Law, Vol. 48, Issue 2, Summer2012.

    15.  Molier, Gelijn,Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect after 9/11,Netherlands International Law Review LIII, 2006.

    16.  Peters, Anne(), Humanity as the A and Q of Sovereignty,The European Journal of International Law, Vol.20,No.3, 2009.

    17.  Reisman,W. Michael, Coercion and Self-Determination:Construing Charter Article 2(4), AM.J. INT’L L.,Vol.78, 1984.

    18.  Thakur,Ramesh, R2P,Libya and International Politics as the Struggle for Competing Normative Architectures,in The Responsibility to Protect: Challenges and Opportunities in light of the Libyan Intervention (e-International Relations), available at http://www.e-ir.info/wp-content/uploads/R2P.pdf (2011).

    19.  Thomashausen, S., Humanitarian Intervention in an Evolving World Order:The Cases of Iraq, Somalia,Kosovo,and East Timor, Pretoria: The Africa Institute of South Africa, 2002.


     


      International Documents



    1.  Charter of the International Military Tribunal, ,59 Stat. 1544, 82U.N.T.S.279, Aug. 8, 1945.

    2.  International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect, Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 2001.

    3.  International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect: Research, Bibliography, Background,Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 2001.

    4.  North Sea Continental Shelf Cases, Federal Republic of Germany v. Denmark, I.C.J.Judgment (1969).

    5.  Secretary General’s Millennium Report,We the Peoples:The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century, 27 Mar.2000,UNDoc.A/54/2000.

    6.  The Secretary-General, Millennium Report of the Secretary-General, We the People:The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century, at 48,U.N.Doc A/54/20, available at: http://www.un.org/millennium/sg/report/ch3.pdf (Mar.27,2000).

    7.  The Secretary General’s High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, A More Secure World:Our Shared Responsibility, delivered to the General Assembly, U.N.Doc.A/59/565 (Dec.2,2004).

    8.  U.N.Secretary-General, In Larger Freedom:Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All,U.N. Doc.A/59/2005, Mar.21, 2005.

    9.  www.un.org/peace/peacebuilding .