ارزیابی مبانی نظری ظهور حقوق فراملی
نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1
دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشگاه تهران، پردیس فارابی، قم، ایران
2
استادیار دانشکده حقوق پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران،پردیس فارابی، قم، ایران
چکیده
امروزه در چارچوب مناسباتی که کل یا بخشی از آن خارج از قلمرو دولت-ملت واقع می‌شود، می‌توان از انواع مختلفی از تعاملات حقوقی انتظام بخش ارتباطات بشری صحبت کرد. این ارتباطات توسط گروهی از نظریه‌پردزان ذیل «نظریه حقوق فراملی» تشریح شده‌است. نظریه حقوق فراملی به مثابه نظریه‌ای با سابقه نه چندان طولانی از زمان طرح، مسائل و مباحث زیادی را پیرامون خود به همراه داشته‌است. در این میان ارزیابی چرایی ظهور حقوق فراملی مسألهمسألهای کلیدی و بلکه اولین قدم مهم در بررسی نظریه حقوق فراملی است که مطالعه آن دو مبنای نظری لازم را در همین راستا در اختیار اندیشمندان قرار می‌دهد.
از نقطه‌نظر مبانی نظری ظهور حقوق فراملی می‌توان گفت که حقوق فراملی متأثر از دو عامل مختلف یعنی تکثرگرایی و جهانشمولگرایی ظهور نموده‌است که هر دوی این عوامل، پیامدهای جهانی‌شدن قلمداد می‌شوند. در این مقاله تلاش بر آن است تا ضمن ارزیابی دو مبانی نظری ظهور حقوق فراملی یعنی تکثرگرایی و جهانشمولگرایی حقوقی، این مسألهروشن شود که چرا حقوق فراملی ظهور نموده‌است تا ضمن مطلعه علل و عوامل ظهور هنجارهای حقوق فراملی، مبادی و مبانی نظری ذی‌ربطی که توجیه‌کننده پذیرش دیدگاه ظهور حقوق فراملی است، مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد و علاوه بر آن، به کمک این مبانی، راه شناخت فرآوردههای هنجاری متمایزی که در قلمرو حقوق فراملی ظهور می‌نمایند قابل شناسایی، فهم و نقد شود.
از نقطه‌نظر مبانی نظری ظهور حقوق فراملی می‌توان گفت که حقوق فراملی متأثر از دو عامل مختلف یعنی تکثرگرایی و جهانشمولگرایی ظهور نموده‌است که هر دوی این عوامل، پیامدهای جهانی‌شدن قلمداد می‌شوند. در این مقاله تلاش بر آن است تا ضمن ارزیابی دو مبانی نظری ظهور حقوق فراملی یعنی تکثرگرایی و جهانشمولگرایی حقوقی، این مسألهروشن شود که چرا حقوق فراملی ظهور نموده‌است تا ضمن مطلعه علل و عوامل ظهور هنجارهای حقوق فراملی، مبادی و مبانی نظری ذی‌ربطی که توجیه‌کننده پذیرش دیدگاه ظهور حقوق فراملی است، مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد و علاوه بر آن، به کمک این مبانی، راه شناخت فرآوردههای هنجاری متمایزی که در قلمرو حقوق فراملی ظهور می‌نمایند قابل شناسایی، فهم و نقد شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
5-2. انگلیسی
الف. کتاب
Berman, Paul Schiff, Global Legal Pluralism: A Jurisprudence of Law Beyond Borders, Cambridge University Press , 2012.
Calliess, Gralf Peter and Peer Zumbansen, Rough Consensus and Running Code: A Theory of Transnational Law-Making, Oxford: Hart, 2010.
Falk, Richard A., The Declining World Order, America’s Imperial Geopolitics, Routledge, New York And London, 2004.
Gaillard, E., Legal Theory of International Arbitration, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010.
Habermas, Jürgen, Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse, Theory of Law and Democracy, Translation by William Rehg, The MIT Press, Second Printing, 1996.
Henry J. Steiner and Detlev F. Vagts(eds), Transnational Legal Problems: Materials and Text, New York, The Foundation Press, 1976.
Huntingdon, S. P., The Third Wave, Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.
Jessup, Philip C.,Transnational Law, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1956.
Kennedy, Duncan, Three Globalizations of Law and Legal Thought: 1850–2000, in The New Law And Economic Development, David M. Trubek & Alvaro Santo(Eds), 2006.
10. Leibfried, Stephen and Michael Zürn(eds), Transformations of the State?, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
11. Mosler, Hermann, The International Society As A Legal Community, Recueil Des Cours, Vol. 140, 1974.
12. Rabkin, Jeremy A., Law Without Nations? Why Constitutional Government Requires Sovereign States, Princeton University Press, 2005.
13. Slaughter, Anne-Marie, A New World Order, Princeton University Press, 2004.
14. Teubner, Gunther (Ed.), Global Bukowina:Legal Pluralism in the World Society in Global Law Without a State, Dartmouth, Aldershot, 1997.
15. The State After Statism: New State Activities in the Age of Liberalization, Edited by Jonah D. Levy, Harvard University Press, 2006.
16. Tushnet, Mark, The New Constitutional Order, Princeton University Press, 2003.
17. Zurn, Michael, Global Governance As Multi-Level Governance, In The Oxford Handbook of Governance, David Levi-Faur(Ed.) Oxford University Press, 2012.
ب. مقاله
18. Bekker, Pieter H.F., "Recalibrating the Investment Treaty Arbitration System Through Non-Compartmentalized Legal Thinking", Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 55, 2013.
19. Berman, Paul Schiff, "From International Law to Law and Globalization", Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 43, 2005.
20. Berman, Paul Schiff, "The Globalization of Jurisdiction", University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 151, No. 2, 2002.
18 Cotterrell, Roger, "What Is Transnational Law?", Law & Social Inquiry, Vol. 37, Is. 2, 2012.
22. Dinh, Viet D., "Nationalism In The Age of Terror", University of Florida Law Review, Vol. 56, No. 5, 2004.
23. Ferreri, Silvia, "Complexity of Transnational Sources", International Academy of Comparative Law, Vol. 1, Special Is. 3, 2011.
24. Janda, Richard, "Toward Cosmopolitan Law", Mcgill Law Journal, vol. 50, 2005.
25. King, Donald B., "Does an Unknown World Government Exist, Impact of Commercial and Consumer Law", Penn State International Law Review: Vol. 22, No. 1, 2003.
26. King, Donald B., "Unknown World Government: Some Very Recent Commercial Law Developments and Gaps", Penn State International Law Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2005. .
27. Menkel-Meadow, Carrie, Why and How To Study “Transnational” Law, University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine Law Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011.
28. Merry, Sally Engle, Mcgill, Convocation Address, "Legal Pluralism In Practice", Mcgill Law Journal, Vol. 59, Is. 1, 2013.
29. Michaels, Ralf an Nils Jansen, "Private Law Beyond The State?, Europeanization, Globalization, Privatization," The American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 54, 2006.
30. Perschbacher, Rex R. and Debra Lyn Bassett, "The End of Law", Boston University Law Review, Vol., 84, No.1, 2004.
31. Rhodes, R.A.W., "The New Governance: Governing Without Government", Political Science, XLIV, 1996.
32. Tamanaha, Brian Z., "Understanding Legal Pluralism: Past To Present, Local To Global", Sydney Law Review, Vol 30, 2008.
33. Teubner, Gunther and Andreas Fischer-Lescano, "Regime-Collisions: The Vain Search for Legal Unity in the Fragmentation of Global Law", Translated by Michelle Everson, Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 25, 2004..
34. Wai, Robert, "The Interlegality of Transnational Private Law", Law And Contemporary Problems, Vol. 71, 2008.
35. Xavier, Sujith, "Book Reviews", European Journal of International Law, vol. 24, Is. 3, 2013.
36.Zumbansen, Peer, "Defining The Space of Transnational Law: Legal Theory, Global Governance & Legal Puralism",Transnational Legal Theory, 2010.
37.Zumbansen, Peer, "The Ins and Outs of Transnational Private Regulatory Governance: Legitimacy, Accountability, Effectiveness and a New Concept of “Context”", In 5Th CLPE Comparative Research in Law and Political Economy Network: Transnational Private Regulatory Governance: Regimes, Dialogue, Constitutionalization, Russell Miller and Peer Zumbansen(Eds.), German Law Journal, 2012, Vol. 13, No. 12.
38. Zumbansen, Peer, Transnational Law, CLPE Research Paper No. 09/2008.
الف. کتاب
Berman, Paul Schiff, Global Legal Pluralism: A Jurisprudence of Law Beyond Borders, Cambridge University Press , 2012.
Calliess, Gralf Peter and Peer Zumbansen, Rough Consensus and Running Code: A Theory of Transnational Law-Making, Oxford: Hart, 2010.
Falk, Richard A., The Declining World Order, America’s Imperial Geopolitics, Routledge, New York And London, 2004.
Gaillard, E., Legal Theory of International Arbitration, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010.
Habermas, Jürgen, Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse, Theory of Law and Democracy, Translation by William Rehg, The MIT Press, Second Printing, 1996.
Henry J. Steiner and Detlev F. Vagts(eds), Transnational Legal Problems: Materials and Text, New York, The Foundation Press, 1976.
Huntingdon, S. P., The Third Wave, Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.
Jessup, Philip C.,Transnational Law, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1956.
Kennedy, Duncan, Three Globalizations of Law and Legal Thought: 1850–2000, in The New Law And Economic Development, David M. Trubek & Alvaro Santo(Eds), 2006.
10. Leibfried, Stephen and Michael Zürn(eds), Transformations of the State?, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
11. Mosler, Hermann, The International Society As A Legal Community, Recueil Des Cours, Vol. 140, 1974.
12. Rabkin, Jeremy A., Law Without Nations? Why Constitutional Government Requires Sovereign States, Princeton University Press, 2005.
13. Slaughter, Anne-Marie, A New World Order, Princeton University Press, 2004.
14. Teubner, Gunther (Ed.), Global Bukowina:Legal Pluralism in the World Society in Global Law Without a State, Dartmouth, Aldershot, 1997.
15. The State After Statism: New State Activities in the Age of Liberalization, Edited by Jonah D. Levy, Harvard University Press, 2006.
16. Tushnet, Mark, The New Constitutional Order, Princeton University Press, 2003.
17. Zurn, Michael, Global Governance As Multi-Level Governance, In The Oxford Handbook of Governance, David Levi-Faur(Ed.) Oxford University Press, 2012.
ب. مقاله
18. Bekker, Pieter H.F., "Recalibrating the Investment Treaty Arbitration System Through Non-Compartmentalized Legal Thinking", Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 55, 2013.
19. Berman, Paul Schiff, "From International Law to Law and Globalization", Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 43, 2005.
20. Berman, Paul Schiff, "The Globalization of Jurisdiction", University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 151, No. 2, 2002.
18 Cotterrell, Roger, "What Is Transnational Law?", Law & Social Inquiry, Vol. 37, Is. 2, 2012.
22. Dinh, Viet D., "Nationalism In The Age of Terror", University of Florida Law Review, Vol. 56, No. 5, 2004.
23. Ferreri, Silvia, "Complexity of Transnational Sources", International Academy of Comparative Law, Vol. 1, Special Is. 3, 2011.
24. Janda, Richard, "Toward Cosmopolitan Law", Mcgill Law Journal, vol. 50, 2005.
25. King, Donald B., "Does an Unknown World Government Exist, Impact of Commercial and Consumer Law", Penn State International Law Review: Vol. 22, No. 1, 2003.
26. King, Donald B., "Unknown World Government: Some Very Recent Commercial Law Developments and Gaps", Penn State International Law Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2005. .
27. Menkel-Meadow, Carrie, Why and How To Study “Transnational” Law, University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine Law Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011.
28. Merry, Sally Engle, Mcgill, Convocation Address, "Legal Pluralism In Practice", Mcgill Law Journal, Vol. 59, Is. 1, 2013.
29. Michaels, Ralf an Nils Jansen, "Private Law Beyond The State?, Europeanization, Globalization, Privatization," The American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 54, 2006.
30. Perschbacher, Rex R. and Debra Lyn Bassett, "The End of Law", Boston University Law Review, Vol., 84, No.1, 2004.
31. Rhodes, R.A.W., "The New Governance: Governing Without Government", Political Science, XLIV, 1996.
32. Tamanaha, Brian Z., "Understanding Legal Pluralism: Past To Present, Local To Global", Sydney Law Review, Vol 30, 2008.
33. Teubner, Gunther and Andreas Fischer-Lescano, "Regime-Collisions: The Vain Search for Legal Unity in the Fragmentation of Global Law", Translated by Michelle Everson, Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 25, 2004..
34. Wai, Robert, "The Interlegality of Transnational Private Law", Law And Contemporary Problems, Vol. 71, 2008.
35. Xavier, Sujith, "Book Reviews", European Journal of International Law, vol. 24, Is. 3, 2013.
36.Zumbansen, Peer, "Defining The Space of Transnational Law: Legal Theory, Global Governance & Legal Puralism",Transnational Legal Theory, 2010.
37.Zumbansen, Peer, "The Ins and Outs of Transnational Private Regulatory Governance: Legitimacy, Accountability, Effectiveness and a New Concept of “Context”", In 5Th CLPE Comparative Research in Law and Political Economy Network: Transnational Private Regulatory Governance: Regimes, Dialogue, Constitutionalization, Russell Miller and Peer Zumbansen(Eds.), German Law Journal, 2012, Vol. 13, No. 12.
38. Zumbansen, Peer, Transnational Law, CLPE Research Paper No. 09/2008.
