بررسی تطبیقی وضعیت و آثار شرط عدم مسؤولیت در بیمه‌های بازرگانی در نظام حقوقی ایران و انگلیس
نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1
دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز، تهران، ایران
2
استادیار گروه حقوق، واحدالکترونیکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز ، تهران، ایران
3
استادیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
شرط عدم مسؤولیت در بیمه کمتر مورد توجه پژوهشگران و قوانین موجود قرار گرفته است. مبهم بودن وضعیت این شروط و ارجاع وضعیت این شروط به شرایط خصوصی بیمه نامه، با توجه به الحاقی بودن عقد بیمه و قدرت معاملاتی برتر شرکتهای بیمهگر امری قابل انتقاد بوده که غالبا نیز به ضرر بیمه گذاران و ذینفع بیمهنامهها منتهی میشود. هر چند با استفاده از برخی از مبانی حقوقی میتوان شرط عدم مسؤولیت نسبت به تعهد اصلی بیمهگر را باطل اعلام کرد، اما این ابهام در مورد تعهدات فرعی بیمهگرکماکان ادامه دارد. همچنین در مواردی که شرط عدم مسؤولیت جزئی بوده، هرچند چنین شرطی ناظر بر تعهد اصلی نیز باشد، با توجه به اینکه چنین شرطی اثر کلی عقد بیمه را از بین نمیبرد، نمیتوان باطل و یا مبطل عقد بیمه دانست، اما به صورت کلی ارجاع وضعیت شرط عدم مسؤولیت به شرایط خصوصی باب سوء استفاده را باز کرده است. به همین دلیل بازنگری در قوانین و مقررات موجود، از این منظر امری ضروری به نظر میرسد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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19- G. H. Treitel, Law of Contract 9th Edition, Sweet & Maxwell, 1995, p. 918.
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21- http://www.a-level-law.com
2- Al-Shaykh, Mohammad, 2002, Legal nature and characteristics of insurance contracts in life insurance and civil liability,, year 17, issue 2, Insurance industry quarterly, p. 107.
3- Babaei, Iraj, 1390, Insurance law, Tehran, 10th edition, Publication.
4- Hayati, Mohammad, 2000, Insurance Law, Central Insurance of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Second Edition, p. 125.
5- Abdolashi, Abdullah, 1396, Civil Rights Insurance, Tehran, Public Joint Stock Company Page 334.
6- Roheevo-Bo, 1999, Insurance law, translation by Dr. Mohammad Hayati, Tehran, Central Publication of Iran, p. 81.
7- Shahidi, Mehdi, 1392, Formation of Contracts and Commitments, Tehran, Majd Publications, p. 81.
8- Safa'i, Hossein, 2008, Introductory Civil Law Period (General Rules of Contracts), Volume II, Tehran, Publishing, Volume, p. 26.
9- Abedi, Mohammad, 1394, Economic Analysis of the Condition of Non-Responsibility, Two Encyclopaedia Quarterly, Year 23, No. 7, Page 9.
10. Gnosticism, Tawfiq, 1371, Insurance Contract in Islamic and Iranian Law, Tehran, Kayhan Publishing.
11- Katouzian, Nasser, 2000, Out-of-Contract Requirements, Safeguards, Volume II, Tehran, University Press, Tehran.
12- Katouzian, Nasser, 1392, Civil Law "General Rules of Contracts", Volume II, Third Edition, Tehran, Public Joint Stock Company.
13- http://www.craddock.com.au/Document/Exclusion+Clauses+in+Insurance+Contracts.aspx
14- Katouzian,Naser(1997b)" The general theory of contracts ", Volume 5, second edition, Tehran, Enteshar Publications, (in persian), 1997.
15- Terre,F. et Simler P.et Lequette,Y,"Droit Civil.Obligations",6 , Edition, Paris, Dalloz, 1996.
16- Chitty, Contracts, Vol. 1: General Principles, 25th Edition, Sweet & Maxwell, 1983, n. 925.
17- Cheshire, Fifoot & Furmston, Law of Contract, 11th Edition, Butterworths, 1989, p. 182.
18- David Yates, Exclusion Clauses in Contract, 2nd Edition, Sweet & Maxwell, 1982, p. 155.
19- G. H. Treitel, Law of Contract 9th Edition, Sweet & Maxwell, 1995, p. 918.
20- S. Williston, A Treatise on the Law of contract, Vol 15, 3rd edition, Vol 15, 1972, Cumulative Supplement by the Publisher,s Editorial Staff , 1991, n. 1750 A, p. 147.
21- http://www.a-level-law.com
