Comparative Law Researches

Comparative Law Researches

Criminal Law Theory in Republican Thought

Document Type : مقالات علمی پژوهشی

Authors
Rahim Nobahar 1
farshad changaie 2
1 Associate Professor in Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor in Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
10.48311/clr.2025.116807.82778
Abstract
The type of attitude towards the fundamental concepts affecting different areas of criminal law, such as the scope of criminal law, the necessity and justification of criminal law, the principles of criminalization, the quantity and quality of responses and the elements of criminal responsibility are determined in the theory of criminal law. This article analyzes the republican perspective, which is a combination of social lifestyle and political theory, in relation to basic concepts such as human being, freedom, law, the state, public good and civic virtue, and then outlines the criminal law resulting from this intellectual system. The attitude of the republican tradition towards the basic concepts affecting different areas of criminal law unconsciously draws the mind towards a criminal law system characterized by minimal intervention and places concepts such as the rule of law, freedom, justice and equality, public good, human dignity and morality at the forefront of the basic concepts that are the basis of valuation. In republican thought, crime is essentially intentional or grossly reckless behavior that limits the realm of personal sovereignty or threatens the public and common interests of citizens, which is optimally manifested as a last resort and in the event of the failure of preventive measures. Punishment, since it limits freedom and dominates the personal sovereignty of citizens, is justified simply because it is a factor in the connection of the criminal with society and restores the lost dominance of the victim. Observance of two principles in the application of punishment is very visible in republican criminal law; one is observing the hierarchy of criminal response against the perpetrator and the other is paying attention to the extent of the criminal's encroachment on the realm of personal sovereignty of the victim and not exceeding this criterion in the establishment and implementation of punishment.





Keywords
Criminal Law Theory
Republican Tradition
Public Good
Citizenship
Freedom
Rule of Law
Subjects
 
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