dentifying the Nature, Effects, and Sanctions of the “Close of Proceedings” in Iranian Civil Procedure )A Comparative Study of French Law and the Common Law System(

Ansari, Ali; Karbalaei Pazoli, Mohammad

doi:10.48311/clr.2026.118236.82797

dentifying the Nature, Effects, and Sanctions of the “Close of Proceedings” in Iranian Civil Procedure )A Comparative Study of French Law and the Common Law System(

Articles in Press

Document Type : مقالات علمی پژوهشی

Authors

ali Ansari ¹

mohammad karbalaei pazoli ²

¹ Allameh Tabataba’i University

² میدان نامجو، خیابان شیخ صفی، کوچه گلپایگانیها، کوچه شهید بهزاد نوری، پلاک 9 واحد 3

10.48311/clr.2026.118236.82797

Abstract

The close of proceedings marks the court’s readiness to issue a final judgment and ensures procedural efficiency, with key effects including judgment issuance and barring new evidence. In Iran, this institution’s legal nature is ambiguous, positioned between administrative and judicial acts, and is fundamentally irrevocable, potentially conflicting with fair trial principles. In comparison, French law allows for reopening proceedings through the “ordonnance de clôture,” and the Common Law system adopts a more flexible “case management” approach. This study identifies challenges, such as potential misuse and a lack of flexibility, which hinder fairness and efficiency in the Iranian legal system. It argues for amending Article 295 of the Iranian Civil Procedure Code to introduce a modifiable “Order for the Close of Proceedings,” enhancing transparency, adaptability, and justice in Iran’s civil procedure.

Keywords

Close of Proceedings, Conclusion of Trial, Order Closing Instruction (Ordonnance de Clô

ture), Fair Trial, Case Management, Comparative Law

Subjects