Comparative Law Researches

Comparative Law Researches

Transition from Paper to Electronic Documents in Documentary Credits: A Study of eUCP 2.1

Document Type : مقالات علمی پژوهشی

Authors
1 PhD Student of Private law, Faculty of law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Allame Tabatabaei University.Tehran.Iran.
10.48311/clr.2026.118646.82805
Abstract
The adaptation of traditional documentary credit rules to the requirements of electronic commerce encountered legal ambiguities. To address these obstacles, the ICC undertook the formulation of regulations concerning the presentation of electronic documents. This research aims to conduct a legal analysis of the (eUCP 2.1) examining its capacities and solutions in resolving the aforementioned challenges. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology and utilizing library resources .this study analyzes the rationale behind the emergence of the eUCP, the conditions governing its application, and its substantive provisions. The findings indicate that the eUCP, by providing precise definitions of fundamental concepts and by establishing operational mechanisms has furnished the necessary legal and coherence for operations in the digital environment. Furthermore, by clearly delineating the scope of banks' liability and offering practical solutions for managing risks to the electronic sphere., these regulations strike a logical balance among the interests of parties involved in a documentary credit.
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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 03 June 2026