اصول حاکم بر تفسیر ادعا در دعاوی نقض حق اختراع؛ مطالعه تطبیقی در پرتو حقوق آمریکا و ایران
نوع مقاله : پژوهشی کیفی
نویسندگان
1
دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2
دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
ادعاهای مخترع در اظهارنامه ثبت اختراع به عنوان بخش حقوقی مهم گواهی اختراع، پر استنادترین و در عین حال چالش‌برانگیزترین بخش گواهی اختراع در دعاوی نقض اختراع میباشد. ارزیابی رویه قضایی کشورهای گوناگون گواه این مهم است که علی‌رغم تأثیر به سزایی که این بخش از گواهی اختراع در سرنوشت دعوای نقض دارد، به دلیل برداشتها و تفاسیر سلیقهای، نقش راهگشای خود را از دست داده و تشتت آراء به وضوح قابل مشاهده است. این مقاله، ضمن بررسی رویه قضایی محاکم فدرال آمریکا و شناسایی هفت اصل مورد استناد قضات آمریکایی به هنگام تفسیر ادعاها، ضرورت و اهمیت تفسیر یکنواخت، روشمند و قابل پیشبینی توسط اصحاب دعوی را نشان میدهد. همچنین، این تحقیق ضمن پالایش و ارزیابی این اصول در حقوق اختراعات ایران، در صدد ارائه راهنمایی روشن برای قضات ایرانی به هنگام تفسیر ادعاها در حل و فصل اختلافات اطراف دعوای نقض میباشد. با وجود این، نویسندگان این مقاله، ضمن اقرار بر ویژگی خاص یافتههای راهبردی قضات دادگاههای فدرال آمریکا، اصول مزبور را تنها به منظور مواجهه با این مفاهیم، تبیین ضرورت روشمندسازی تفسیر ادعاها با هدف پیشگیری از بروز تشتت آراء به هنگام تفسیر ادعاها در دعاوی نقض پیشنهاد مینمایند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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Sahebi, Mehdi, (1997), Interpretation of Contracts in Private Law, Tehran, Qoqnoos Publication.
Salehi Zahabi, Jamal, (2009), Patent; A Comparative Approach, Tehran, Enteshar Company.
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Thomas, John R., (2006), “Discharging the Canons of Claim Construction: Exercises in Interpretation at the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit”, Printed in U.S. Intellectual Property Law and Policy, Fordham University School of Law, pp 134-163.
Allison, John & Lemley, Mark, (2000), “Who’s Patenting What? An Empirical Exploration of Patent Prosecution”, Vanderbilt Law Review, vol. 2099, pp 2100-2139
Bahadori Jahromi, Zahra and Shakeri, Zahra, (2021), “The principle of validity of the patent certificate and its application in Iran's legal system”, Journal of private law, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 203-225.
Fox, David L., (2010), U.S Patent opinions and evaluations, London, oxford university press.
Ghazizadeh, Mohammadreza, (2013), Civil liability arising from patent infringement, Thesis for PhD Degree of Private Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University.
Habiba, Saeid and Mehrdar Qaem Maqami, Golriz, (2021), “The position of the claim(s) contained in the patent applications within the scope of patent protection”, Legal Research Journal of Shahid Beheshti University, Vol. 24, No. 96, pp. 38-62.
Hayati, Ali Abbas, (2018), "The concept of the legal principle and its comparison with the legal rule (a comparative study in Iranian and French law)", Biannual scientific journal of knowledge of civil rights, Vol. 7, No. 14, pp. 29-44.
Lemley, Mark, (2007), “The Limits of Claim Differentiation”, Stanford Law School, pp 1390-1401.
Parvin, Mohammad Reza, (2010), “The role of patent claims in determining the technical field protected by the patent; "Exploring the life of technology"”, Medical Law Studies Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 12, pp. 71-104.
Mirhosseini, Seyyed Hassan, (2008), Law of Patents, Tehran, Mizan Publication.
Sadeghi, Mahmoud and Amini, Mehdi, (2012), “Causes and effects of patent certificate revocation”, Journal of Comparative Law Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 55-72.
Sahebi, Mehdi, (1997), Interpretation of Contracts in Private Law, Tehran, Qoqnoos Publication.
Salehi Zahabi, Jamal, (2009), Patent; A Comparative Approach, Tehran, Enteshar Company.
Schwartz, David L.,(2009), “Practice Makes Perfect? An Empirical Study of Claim Construction Reversal Rates in Patent Cases”, Science & Technology Research Paper Series, Chicago-Kent College of Law, pp 224-284.
Thomas, John R., (2006), “Discharging the Canons of Claim Construction: Exercises in Interpretation at the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit”, Printed in U.S. Intellectual Property Law and Policy, Fordham University School of Law, pp 134-163.
