7. منابع
1-7. منابع فارسی
الف) مقالات
1. حیدرقلی‌زاده، جعفر و جلالی، محمود (1403). توسعه تدریجی حقوق بین‌الملل در مقابله با تحریم‌های اقتصادی. فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی، 54(2)، 1113–1136.
2. زمانی فراهانی، محمدحسین (1400). تبیین نقش فضای سایبری در گسترش قلمرو ژئوپولیتیکی داعش در منطقه. فصلنامه مطالعات جنگ، 36(60)، 25–41.
3. شاهمرادی، مهرانگیزسادات (1401). حریم خصوصی در فضای سایبر. در دانشنامه رفتار سایبری، به کوشش باقر شاملو، چاپ اول، 79–81، تهران: بنیاد حقوقی میزان.
4. شجاعی، عبدالسعید و رحمانی، شهرام (1405). چهارچوب حقوقی حفاظت از حریم خصوصی در بستر دیجیتال: مطالعه تطبیقی در نظام‌های حقوقی ایالات متحده، اتحادیه اروپا و ایران. پژوهش‌های حقوق تطبیقی، 30(2)، 37–66.
5. قاسمی، غلامعلی و باقرزاده، سجاد (1394). جایگاه حقوق بشر در مبارزه با سایبرتروریسم. مجله حقوقی بین‌المللی، 32(52)، 227–254.
6. قدیر، محسن و کاظمی فروشانی، حسین (1398). بررسی تطبیقی حقوق کیفری ایران با اسناد بین‌المللی در زمینه مقابله و پیشگیری از وقوع تروریسم سایبری. مجله حقوقی بین‌المللی، 36(60)، 237–267.
7. نبوی، مهدی و صابر، محمود (1399). مطالعه تطبیقی چالش‌های نظام عدالت کیفری ایران در دادرسی جرایم مرتبط با ارزهای مجازی. پژوهش‌های حقوق تطبیقی، 24(1)، 183–209.
8. نمامیان، پیمان (1404). مقابله با رایاجنگ‌های تخریب‌گر و مختل‌کننده امنیت زیرساخت‌های انرژی در اسناد بین‌المللی؛ با تحلیل تطبیقی مقررات ایران و قطر. آموزه‌های حقوق کیفری کشورهای اسلامی، ۲(۴)، ۱۴۸–۱۷۷.
9. نمامیان، پیمان و شهبازی، مهدی (۱۴۰۳). محافظت از امنیت سکوهای دیجیتالی در قبال جرایم تروریستی؛ راهبردی در ارتقای امنیت دیجیتالی دولت‌ها. مطالعات و پژوهش‌های امنیت داخلی، ۲(۱)، ۷۳–۹۱.
10. نمامیان، پیمان (۱۴۰۳). مقابله و پیشگیری از ارتکاب جرائم تروریستی در شبکه‌های اجتماعی مجازی. حقوق فناوری‌های نوین، ۵(۲)، ۲۱۵–۲۳۳.
11. یوسفی، جمال؛ موثقی، حسن و رهبرفرش‌پیرا، ناصر (1403). رویه سازمان ملل متحد در مقابله با تروریسم سایبری. پژوهش‌های تطبیقی فقه، حقوق و سیاست، 6(4)، 67–80.
2-7. منابع لاتین
A) Books
1. Alexe, A. A.-M. S. (2025). Impact of digital platforms on individual rights. In J. Cremades & C. Hermida (Eds.), Encyclopedia of contemporary constitutionalism. Springer.
2. Pajuste, T. (Ed.). (2022). Specific threats to human rights protection from the digital reality. Tallinn University Press.
B) Articles
3. Albader, F. (2020). The digital war on human rights: Guilty until proven innocent in light of the Counter-Terrorism and Border Security Act of 2019. Minnesota Journal of International Law, 29(1), 21–41.
4. Almakky, R. (2023). The role of international organisations in the development of international law: An analytical assessment of the United Nations. Law and World, 9(28), 40–66.
5. Ayasreh, E. A. (2023). The relationship between science diplomacy and global governance in confronting global catastrophic risks. University of Sharjah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 20(4), 438–476.
6. Barış Arı (2025). Human rights violations and public support for sanctions. Journal of Peace Research, 62(1), 68–84.
7. Bolpagni, A. & Fisher, A. (2026). Navigating beyond the digital safe haven’: Mapping the course of proIslamic State propaganda on Rocket. Chat through a URL social network analysis. Perspectives on Terrorism, 20(1), 9–28.
8. Broman, M. M., et al. (2024). Cyberspace outlaws – Coding the online world. International Journal of Semiotica Iuris, 37(3), 1153–1183.
9. Chertoff, M., Bury, P. & Richterova, D. (2020). Bytes not waves: Information communication technologies, global jihadism, and counterterrorism. International Affairs, 96(5), 1305–1325.
10. De Silva de Alwis, R. (2025). Gendering the new international convention on cybercrimes and new norms on artificial intelligence and emerging technologies. Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts, 20(2), 1–41.
11. Douhan, A. (2022). The changing nature of sanctions in the digital age. In A. Golia Jr., M. C. Kettemann, & R. Kunz (Eds.), Digital transformations in public international law (pp. 99–134). Nomos.
12. Farber, S. (2025). The evolving nexus of cybercrime and terrorism: A systematic review of convergence and policy implications. Security Journal, 38(29), 1-23.
13. Fidler, M. (2025). Fragmentation of international cybercrime law. Utah Law Review, 3(4), 737–804.
14. Gherbaoui, T. & Martin S. (2023). A Dual Challenge to Human Rights Law: Online Terrorist Content and Governmental Orders to Remove it. European Journal of Human Rights, 2(1), 1-22.
15. Hussein, S. M., & Shimaa (2023). The differences between traditional terrorism and contemporary terrorism and its implications for global security. The World Research of Political Science Journal, 6(2), 113–124.
16. Karimi, Y., Squicciarini, A. & Forster, P. K. (2024). A longitudinal dataset and analysis of Twitter ISIS users and propaganda. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 14(1), 1-19.
17. Kuleshova, G. (2020). The legal basis of countering cyber-terrorism in Russia and in other countries from the standpoint of its social and political dimension. Russian Journal of Criminology, 14(1), 156-165.
18. McKeever, D. (2021). Revisiting Security Council action on terrorism: New threats; (a lot of) new law; same old problems?. Leiden Journal of International Law, 34(2), 441–470.
19. Mercy, C. (2019). The weaponization of social media: How social media can spark violence and what can be done about it. https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2020-01/Weaponization_Social_Media_FINAL_Nov2019.pdf
20. Miao, M. (2024). The regulating digital platforms through sanctions. Washington International Law Journal, 33(2), 389-452.
21. Moslemzadeh Tehrani, P. (2013). Cyber terrorism challenges: The need for a global response to a multi-jurisdictional crime. Computer Law & Security Review, 29(3), 207–215.
22. Msall, K., & Lary, N. (2022). A link between radicalisation models and extremist propaganda. Global Security: Health, Science and Policy, 7(1), 44–50.
23. Putra, M. D. (2016). New media and terrorism: Role of social media in countering cyber terrorism and cyber extremism. SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2754370
24. Rabitz, F. F. (2025). A theory of international technology regulation. Review of International Studies, 1(1), 1–18.
25. Radanliev, P. (2025). Cyber diplomacy: Defining the opportunities for cybersecurity and risks from AI, IoT, blockchains, and quantum computing. Journal of Cyber Security Technology, 9(1), 28–78.
26. Razmetaeva, Y. (2022). The concept of human rights in the digital era: Changes and consequences for judicial practice. Access to Justice in Eastern Europe, 5(3), 41–56.
27. Sharlamanov, K., & Petreska, J. (2024). How social media has changed politics. In The Palgrave handbook of global social change (pp. 1–17). Palgrave Macmillan.
C) Organizational/ Web Sources
29. Council of Europe. (2001, November 23). The Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention, ETS No. 185) and its Protocols. https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/the-budapest-convention
30. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, July 20). Cyber-attack against Ukrainian critical infrastructure (IR-ALERT-H-16-056-01). https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-alerts/ir-alert-h-16-056-01
31. European Parliament and Council of the European Union. (2021, April 29). Regulation (EU) 2021/784 on addressing the dissemination of terrorist content online. Official Journal of the European Union, L 172/79.
33. Frontiers in Political Science. (2025). [Title of Article]. https://www.frontiersin.org/fpos.2025.1718396
34. International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. § 1701 et seq. (1977). https://www.cbp.gov/trade/ieepa-duty-refunds
35. Obama, B. (2015, April 1). Executive Order 13694—Blocking the property of certain persons engaging in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities. Federal Register. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/04/01/executive-order-blocking-property-certain-persons-engaging-significant-malicious-cyber-enabled-activities
37. United Nations. (1999, December 9). International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism. https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVIII-11&chapter=18&clang=_en
38. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2023). [Resource Document]. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2023-03/
39. United Nations General Assembly. (1948, December 10). Universal Declaration of Human Rights (General Assembly resolution 217 A). https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/03/udhr.pdf
40. United Nations General Assembly. (1966, December 16). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. United Nations Treaty Series.
41. United Nations General Assembly. (2024, December 24). Resolution 79/243: Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on the report of the Third Committee (A/79/460). https://docs.un.org/en/A/AC.291/L.15
42. United Nations Security Council. (2001, September 28). Resolution 1373 (2001) adopted by the Security Council at its 4385th meeting. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/449020?v=pdf
43. United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC). (n.d.). https://www.un.org/ctc
In Persian
B) Articles
1. Ghadir, M. & Kazemi Forushani, H. (2019). A comparative study of Iranian criminal law and international instruments in combating and preventing cyberterrorism. International Legal Journal, 36(60), 237–267.
2. Ghasemi, G. & Bagherzadeh, S. (2015). The position of human rights in combating cyberterrorism. International Legal Journal, 32(52), 227–254.
3. Heydargholizadeh, J. & Jalali, M. (2024). The gradual development of international law in confronting economic sanctions. Quarterly Journal of Public Law Studies, 54(2), 1113–1136.
4. Nabavi, M. & Saber, M. (2020). Comparative study of the challenges of the Iranian criminal justice system in the adjudication of crimes related to virtual currencies. Comparative Law Research, 24(1), 183–209.
5. Namamian, P. & Shahbazi, M. (2024). Protecting the security of digital platforms against terrorist crimes; A strategy to promote the digital security of governments. Internal Security Studies and Researches, 2(1), 73–91.
6. Namamian, P. (2024). Combating and preventing the commission of terrorist crimes in virtual social networks. Journal of Modern Technology Law, 5(2), 215–233.
7. Namamian, P. (2025). Confronting destructive cyber warfare disrupting energy infrastructure security in international instruments: A comparative analysis of the regulations of Iran and Qatar. Teachings of Criminal Law of Islamic Countries, 2(4), 148–177.
8. Shahmoradi, M. S. (2022). Privacy in Cyberspace. In Encyclopedia of Cyber Behavior (1st ed), with Bagher Shamloo, Mizan Legal Foundation, 79–81.
9. Shojaei, A. & Rahmani, Sh. (2026). Legal framework for the protection of privacy in the digital space: A comparative study in the legal systems of the United States, the European Union, and Iran. Comparative Law Research, 30(2), 37–66.
10. Yousefi, J., Moteghi, H. & Rahbarfarsh‑Pira, N. (2024). The practice of the United Nations in combating cyberterrorism. Comparative Research in Fiqh, Law and Politics, 6(4), 67–80.
11. Zamani Farahani, M. H. (2021). Explaining the role of cyberspace in the expansion of ISIS’s geopolitical sphere in the region. Quarterly Journal of War Studies, 36(60), 25–41.
